Student teaching
Education in ancient India was free from political and government controls.It was the duty of the King to see that the education was imparted well.In India Gurukulas ,Pareshads and Sammelans were the ancient agencies of education.In Gurukula system the students were required to stay in the house of the teacher to gain knowledge. The student teaching were like the sons of the teacher. Pareshads were the bigger educational institutions and Sammelans were the gathering of the scholars. This is a window view of the Indian System of Education.
However the entire world is recognizing the need of improving the teacher student interaction.For this purpose the improvement of Educational Technology is essential.According to Commission on Instructional technology,US ,’ educational Technology is the systematic way of designing ,implementing and evaluating the total process of learning and teaching in terms of specific objectives ,based on research in human learning and communication and employing a combination of human and non human resource to bring about more effective instruction.’ Education Technology stressed on the use of audio visual aids ,pictures ,charts,maps, graphs and models in teaching. It also emphasizes all round development of the student. It aims to introduce costly gadgets , like video and computers to student teaching. The United Kingdom Association for Programmed Learning promptly added educational technology to its title in 1968. Educational Technology is the development ,application and evaluation of system techniques and its aids to improve the process of human learning. ( Council of Educational Technology UK) It aids to improve the teacher student relationship.
The educational Technology is of two types ,hardware and the software technology. Hardware technology refers to the addition an application of engineering principles to the process of teaching.It stresses the development and need of development and use of mechanical and electronic gadgets for vitalizing the process of instruction. The most remarkable achievement in the field of Education Technology was the development of the teaching Machine by Sidney L. Pressey in 1920s.Television ,videotapes also moved to the classroom in the course of time.In USA and Great Britain CCTV s were introduced. Language Laboratories were another example of Educational Technology.The software technology refers to the application of psychological principles in the fields of education. This technology studies the behavior of various strategies on animals like cats ,dogs, monkeys,rats, and Chimpanzees before applying it on children.These two technologies are the two sides of the same coin.
However let us discuss some advance educational techniques in detail.
Use of techniques like Motion Pictures ,Tape recorders,Televisions,radio,Computers,Satellite
Technology ,all should be ardently be used in educational technology.Apart
from these techniques which make the education lively and encouraging
,colourful and vibrant,we also use techniques like over head projectors
, epidiascopes,movie projectors,Slide Projectors,Motion Pictures Projectors
,Tape Recorders ,and Videotapes.The OHP (overhead Projector is time saving
, convenient and portable device to demonstrate diagrams and charts in
the classroom.It is fitted in the classroom before the teaching starts.Then
it is switched on.A good image is formed on the screen. It energizes the
students in the class.
Nowadays films are extensively used as student
teaching aid in Classroom. Epidiascope projects printed matter on
the screen. It also projects slides. The students’ knowledge gets
revitalized by such creative classroom techniques. It helps to arouse
the interest of the student and the student retains the content of the
lesson for a relatively longer period of time. These projectors are easy
to use and inexpensive and can be used in partial darkness. The teacher
can create a terrific image of the lesson. Some models use petromax lamps
instead of an electric bulb ,and can be operated without electricity.
Apart from the above mentioned instruments there are Video-Audio devices like the tape recorder ,Television ,Video Cassettes ,Discs ,and Computers . tape Recorders are used to improve pronunciation of the students.The recording can be repeated as long as one desires.Recordings are to the ear ,what the pictures are to the eye.
In today’s world there are so many problems and tensions but the world of the student should be free from them.Such devices add colours to the world of students.Students should enjoy each and every moment of the study.
Videotape technology implies the use of videocassettes and discs to the education course.These sources are rich and informative and provide lucrative information to students as well as teachers.This also serves as a mean of entertainment apart from just a lesson. Televisions are also used nowadays to give the students a living and practical idea of the study courses. The teachers are realizing ninety percent more involvement of the students by the use of gadgets in teaching.The students are becoming more responsive , interactive, and healthy. The world of students is thankful for introducing such vivid techniques to schools. They provide useful materials and these gadgets reduce their dependence on the teachers.
Lastly ,there is computer technology which enhances the calculative ability of the students.The computer is an electronic device which accepts the data,performs operations and outputs the results by using just a little energy.Computer consists of physical part ,the hardware and a set of instruction called the software. The input devices send data to the to the Central Processing unit.The CPU consists of storage and memory unit., Central Unit ,and Arithmetic and Logical Unit.Then comes the output devices. It improves the level of the students. They become more responsive by using the e-mail ,internet and the computer. Computer saves time and is cheaper than manual work.By using e-mail messages and data can be sent miles away. These techniques overall reduce costs and improve the output.Internet is also making the education just like a game nowadays.
The students’ life should be tension and worry free so there should be more fun in the schools.The school should be just like a home and the teacher should be just like a father.Students should be made to student teaching more themselves.There should not be much scolding and beating, rather self study should be emphasized.Students learn from their own past experiences. They should be taught the value of utilizing their time fruitfully.
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